Kubernetes

General Information

Technologies must be operated and maintained in accordance with Federal and Department security and privacy policies and guidelines. More information on the proper use of the TRM can be found on the TRM Proper Use Tab/Section.

Website:	Go to site
Description:	Kubernetes is an open source software for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. This technology groups containers that make an application into logical units and offers features such as service discovery and load balancing, automatic binpacking, storage orchestration, and batch execution. Additionally, this technology can be used on-premises, hybrid, or on public cloud infrastructure. The TRM decisions in this entry only apply to technologies and versions owned, operated, managed, patched, and version-controlled by VA. This includes technologies deployed as software installations on VMs within VA-controlled cloud environments (e.g. VA Enterprise Cloud (VAEC)). Cloud services provided by the VAEC, which are listed in the VAEC Service Catalog, and those controlled and managed by an external Cloud Service Provider (i.e. SaaS) are not in the purview of the TRM. For more information on the use of cloud services and cloud-based products within VA, including VA private clouds, please see the Enterprise Cloud Solutions Office (ECSO) Portal at: https://dvagov.sharepoint.com/sites/OITEPMOECSO
Technology/Standard Usage Requirements:	Users must ensure their use of this technology/standard is consistent with VA policies and standards, including, but not limited to, VA Handbooks 6102 and 6500; VA Directives 6004, 6513, and 6517; and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standards, including Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS). Users must ensure sensitive data is properly protected in compliance with all VA regulations. Prior to use of this technology, users should check with their supervisor, Information Security Officer (ISO), Facility Chief Information Officer (CIO), or local Office of Information and Technology (OI&T) representative to ensure that all actions are consistent with current VA policies and procedures prior to implementation.
Section 508 Information:	This technology has not been assessed by the Section 508 Office. The Implementer of this technology has the responsibility to ensure the version deployed is 508-compliant. Section 508 compliance may be reviewed by the Section 508 Office and appropriate remedial action required if necessary. For additional information or assistance regarding Section 508, please contact the Section 508 Office at Section508@va.gov.
Decision:	View Decisions

Decision Source:	TRM Mgmt Group
Decision Process:	One-VA TRM v21.11
Decision Date:	11/16/2021
Aliases:	K8s
Introduced By:	TRM Request
Vendor Name:	Kubernetes

Vendor Release Information

The Vendor Release table provides the known releases for the TRM Technology, obtained from the vendor (or from the release source).

Version	Release Date	Vendor End of Life Date
1.5.x	12/12/2016
1.6.x	03/28/2017
1.7.x	06/30/2017
1.8.x	09/29/2017
1.9.x	12/15/2017
1.12.x	09/27/2018
1.13.x	12/03/2018
1.14.x	06/01/2019
1.15.x	08/05/2019
1.17.x	01/07/2020
1.18.x	04/23/2020
1.19.x	11/25/2020	09/30/2021
1.20.x	12/08/2020	12/20/2021
1.21.x	04/08/2021	04/30/2022
1.22.x	08/04/2021

Current Decision Matrix (11/11/2021)

Users must ensure their use of this technology/standard is consistent with VA policies and standards, including, but not limited to, VA Handbooks 6102 and 6500; VA Directives 6004, 6513, and 6517; and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standards, including Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS). Users must ensure sensitive data is properly protected in compliance with all VA regulations. Prior to use of this technology, users should check with their supervisor, Information Security Officer (ISO), Facility Chief Information Officer (CIO), or local Office of Information and Technology (OI&T) representative to ensure that all actions are consistent with current VA policies and procedures prior to implementation.

The VA Decision Matrix displays the current and future VA IT position regarding different releases of a TRM entry. These decisions are based upon the best information available as of the most current date. The consumer of this information has the responsibility to consult the organizations responsible for the desktop, testing, and/or production environments to ensure that the target version of the technology will be supported. Any major.minor version that is not listed in the VA Decision Matrix is considered unapproved for use.

Legend:

White	Approved: The technology/standard has been approved for use.
Yellow	Approved w/Constraints: The technology/standard can be used within the specified constraints located below the decision matrix in the footnote[1] and on the General tab.
Gray	Unapproved: This technology or standard can be used only if a STAT review is conducted and signed by Associate Deputy Assistant Secretary (ADAS), Enterprise Program Management Office (EPMO) or designee and based upon a recommendation from the Strategic Technology Alignment Team (STAT) Working Group (WG), has been granted to the project team or organization that wishes to use the technology.
Orange	Divest: VA has decided to divest itself on the use of the technology/standard. As a result, all projects currently utilizing the technology/standard must plan to eliminate their use of the technology/standard. Additional information on when the entry is projected to become unapproved may be found on the Decision tab for the specific entry.
Black	Prohibited: The technology/standard is not (currently) permitted to be used under any circumstances.
Blue	Planning/Evaluation Constraint:The period of time this technology is currently being evaluated, reviewed, and tested in controlled environments. Use of this technology is strictly controlled and not available for use within the general population. If a customer would like to use this technology, please work with your local or Regional OI&T office and contact the appropriate evaluation office displayed in the notes below the decision matrix. The Local or Regional OI&T office should submit an inquiry to the TRM if they require further assistance or if the evaluating office is not listed in the notes below.

Release/Version Information:

VA decisions for specific versions may include a ‘.x’ wildcard, which denotes a decision that pertains to a range of multiple versions.

For example, a technology approved with a decision for 7.x would cover any version of 7.(Anything) - 7.(Anything). However, a 7.4.x decision would cover any version of 7.4.(Anything), but would not cover any version of 7.5.x or 7.6.x on the TRM.

VA decisions for specific versions may include ‘+’ symbols; which denotes that the decision for the version specified also includes versions greater than what is specified but is not to exceed or affect previous decimal places.

For example, a technology approved with a decision for 12.6.4+ would cover any version that is greater than 12.6.4, but would not exceed the .6 decimal ie: 12.6.401 is ok, 12.6.5 is ok, 12.6.9 is ok, however 12.7.0 or 13.0 is not.

<Past

CY2021

CY2022

CY2023

Future>

Release

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

1.5.x

Unapproved

1.7.x

Unapproved

1.8.x

Unapproved

1.9.x

Unapproved

1.12.x

Unapproved

1.13.x

Unapproved

1.14.x

Unapproved

1.15.x

Unapproved

1.17.x

Unapproved

1.18.x

Unapproved

1.19.x

Unapproved

1.20.x

Unapproved

1.21.x

Unapproved

1.22.x

Unapproved

Decision Constraints


[1]	Due to potential information security risks, cloud based technologies may not be used without the approval of the Enterprise Cloud Solution Office (ECSO). This body is in part responsible for ensuring organizational information, Personally Identifiable Information (PII), Protected Health Information (PHI), and VA sensitive data are not compromised. (Ref: VA Directive 6004, VA Directive 6517, VA Directive 6513 and VA Directive 6102).

[2]	Users should check with their supervisor, Information Security Office (ISO) or local OIT representative for permission to download and use this software. Downloaded software must always be scanned for viruses prior to installation to prevent adware or malware. Freeware may only be downloaded directly from the primary site that the creator of the software has advertised for public download and user or development community engagement. Users should note, any attempt by the installation process to install any additional, unrelated software is not approved and the user should take the proper steps to decline those installations.

[3]	Due to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) identified security vulnerabilities, extra vigilance should be applied to ensure the versions remain properly patched to mitigate known and future vulnerabilities. The local ISO can provide assistance in reviewing the NIST vulnerabilities.

[4]	Based on the IPR findings from Security Engineering and pending required VA security policy guidance from OIS DevSecOps on container and orchestrator technology, this technology is only approved for Development and Test systems usage. Production system use of this technology is considered TRM unapproved must have an approved TRM waiver to accept the risks of using this technology in production without required policy and configuration standards. This constraint will be revisited after VA determines relevant policy and creates configuration standard(s). See the reference section and the Baseline Configuration Management website for more information: https://vaww.vashare.oit.va.gov/sites/itops/svcs/sma/BCM/Pages/BCM.aspx Per the Initial Product Review, users must abide by the following constraints: Kubernetes should not be used until the VA develops a container strategy and establishes an enterprise orchestration solution. Kubernetes should not be used to process, store, or transmit VA sensitive information. This technology is currently unapproved due to VA standardization and the lack of a required VA baseline. In order to reduce costs, risk and overhead in many areas including: training, patching, configuration standards, and documentation, VA has standardized the types and configurations of the platforms/technologies it uses and maintains baselines for in its internal operating environment. Without a published DISA STIG or NIST validated checklist, creating a baseline requires substantial effort and significant time and cost. The project team will require written vendor commitment for assistance and continued vendor support and a VA Subject Matter Expert (SME) point of contact with a signed Baseline ownership Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). To begin exploring baseline creation, the project team requesting to use this technology must submit a request for a new product or technology review to Solution Delivery, Security Engineering via the following link: https://vaww.portal2.va.gov/sites/infosecurity/ess/Lists/Request%20New%20ProductTechnology%20Review/AllItems.aspx Security Engineering will work with the project team and the SD Baseline and Configuration Management (BCM) team to identify the appropriate foundational checklist (e.g. DISA SRG, DISA STIG, or NIST Validated Checklist) to use as a basis for the VA security controls checklist. Once provided, the project team will be responsible for working with the product vendor to complete the checklist with special emphasis on VA Check Content and VA Fix text columns with specific commands related to the product. Due to potential information security risks, cloud based technologies may not be used without the approval of the VA Enterprise Cloud Services (ECS) Group. This body is in part responsible for ensuring organizational information, Personally Identifiable Information (PII), Protected Health Information (PHI), and VA sensitive data are not compromised. (Ref: VA Directive 6004, VA Directive 6517, VA Directive 6513 and VA Directive 6102). Open source software may be obtained at no cost. The VA requires support for all software used on the VA network. Vendor or third-party support at an enterprise level is not free and must be acquired for any open source product to be deployed on the VA network. Support for Kubernetes is offered through vendors designated as Kubernetes Certified Service Providers, the Kubernetes community forum, and Kubernetes’ Slack channel.

[5]	Due to potential information security risks for cloud-based technologies, users should coordinate closely with their facility ISSO for guidance and assistance on cloud products. If further guidance is needed contact the Enterprise Cloud Solution Office (ECSO), which is the body responsible for new software development in and migration of existing systems to the VA Enterprise Cloud (VAEC) and ensuring organizational information, Personally Identifiable Information (PII), Protected Health Information (PHI), and VA sensitive data are not compromised within the VAEC. For information about Software as a Service (SaaS) products or to submit a SaaS product request with the Project Special Forces (SPF) team, please use their online form. (Ref: VA Directive 6004, VA Directive 6517, VA Directive 6513 and VA Directive 6102).

[6]	Due to potential information security risks for cloud-based technologies, users should coordinate closely with their facility ISSO for guidance and assistance on cloud products. If further guidance is needed contact the Enterprise Cloud Solution Office (ECSO), which is the body responsible for new software development in and migration of existing systems to the VA Enterprise Cloud (VAEC) and ensuring organizational information, Personally Identifiable Information (PII), Protected Health Information (PHI), and VA sensitive data are not compromised within the VAEC. For information about Software as a Service (SaaS) products or to submit a SaaS product request with the Project Special Forces (SPF) team, please use their online form. (Ref: VA Directive 6004, VA Directive 6517, VA Directive 6513 and VA Directive 6102).

Note:

At the time of writing, version 1.22.3 is the latest version of this technology, released 10/27/2021.

References

The following reference(s) are associated with this entry:
Type	Name	Source	Description

Technology Components

Note: This list may not be complete. No component, listed or unlisted, may be used outside of the technology in which it is released. The usage decision for a component is found in the Decision and Decision Constraints.
Name	Description
Kubernetes Client-go	This is the Client that allows users to communicate with a Kubernetes cluster.
Kustomize	Kustomize is a tool for customizing Kubernetes configurations. It has the following features to manage application configuration files: generating resources from other sources setting cross-cutting fields for resources composing and customizing collections of resources

VA Categories View the VA Categorization Framework

Domain Area	Category	Customer Guidance	Category Locked By ELT Date
Application Technology Development Tools	Build and Deployment Tools

Open Source

This entry is available as an open source technology.

Operating Systems Supported by the Technology

Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) - Approved w/Constraints
Windows Client - Approved w/Constraints
Windows Server - Approved w/Constraints

Technologies/Standards Relationships

Runtime Dependencies:

No runtime dependencies have been identified.

Comparable Technologies:

Tectonic Installer

Companion Technologies/Supported Standards:

No companion technologies/standards have been identified.

General Analysis

Adoption Benefits

This is a mature technology with a comprehensive set of documentation.
This technology can be acquired without cost to the organization through open source licensing and supports VA`s open source initiative.

Adoption Risks

There are known Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) and VA Cyber Security Operations Center (CSOC) vulnerabilities. Please see the NVD - Results (nist.gov) for more details.
Kubernetes is not an approved orchestration solution.
The product is not Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) 140-2 certified. Per RX-M, a Kubernetes Certified Service Provider: “The Kubernetes control plane typically uses TLS exclusively. Applications deployed on Kubernetes may use any security and/or encryption technologies desired.
A Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Secure Configuration Baseline does not exist for Kubernetes.
Kubernetes can be deployed on-premise or in the cloud.
Kubernetes is an open source technology and is freely available to users.
Due to the rapid release schedule of this technology, the VA may be unable to update to the most recent patch and may require a deployment model requiring the use of specific versions.

Architectural Benefits

This technology is portable as it runs on multiple TRM-approved operating systems.

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VA Technical Reference Model v 22.1

General Information

Vendor Release Information

Current Decision Matrix (11/11/2021)

Decision Constraints

References

Technology Components

VA Categories View the VA Categorization Framework

Open Source

Operating Systems Supported by the Technology

Technologies/Standards Relationships

Runtime Dependencies:

Comparable Technologies:

Companion Technologies/Supported Standards:

General Analysis

Adoption Benefits

Adoption Risks

Architectural Benefits

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VA Technical Reference Model v 22.1

General Information

Vendor Release Information

Current Decision Matrix (11/11/2021)

Decision Constraints

References

Technology Components

VA Categories View the VA Categorization Framework

Open Source

Operating Systems Supported by the Technology

Technologies/Standards Relationships

Runtime Dependencies:

Comparable Technologies:

Companion Technologies/Supported Standards:

General Analysis

Adoption Benefits

Adoption Risks

Architectural Benefits

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